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Spain.

How Spain sells residence for investors (golden visa): one programme, now closed. Every number and rule below links to the document it comes from.

626
numbers
92
prices and rules
10
events
28
documents and articles
Residence·Closed·2013–2025

Golden visa

Sells the right to live in the country (a “golden visa”), sometimes leading to citizenship later.

Official name: Spain investor visa and residence authorisation (visado y autorización de residencia para inversores, Ley 14/2013, 'golden visa')

Lowest price when it closed: €500,000

Property of at least EUR 500,000 per applicant, free of charges (art. 64 b) Ley 14/2013). This was the rule until the route was abolished (last day 2 Apr 2025). Alternatives: EUR 1m in shares, deposits or funds; EUR 2m in public debt.

Notes from the research

Residence (not citizenship) for non-EU investors under arts. 61-67 of Ley 14/2013 (in force 29 Sep 2013). Routes: EUR 500,000 real estate per applicant; EUR 2m Spanish public debt; EUR 1m in shares of Spanish companies or in Spanish bank deposits; from 30 Jul 2015 also EUR 1m in Spanish investment/venture-capital funds; business project of general interest (no fixed amount). Visas issued by consulates (Foreign Ministry); residence authorisations granted in Spain by the Directorate-General for Migration and processed by the Unidad de Grandes Empresas y Colectivos Estratégicos (UGE-CE). Visa 1 year; initial authorisation 2 years (3 years from 23 Dec 2022); renewals 2 years, then 5 years from 30 Jul 2015. Family members got derivative permits. The law gave no shortcut to citizenship. Arts. 63-67 emptied by Ley Orgánica 1/2025 (in force 3 Apr 2025); existing permits may be renewed. Official statistics are scattered: one 2015 ministry report, parliamentary answers, and 2024 press releases whose counts do not match each other (consular visas vs all authorisations).

Investor visas issued
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Prices and rules

Rules while it was open

What is measured

  • Investor visas issued309
  • Golden visas issued96
  • Applicant share75
  • Investment by programme investors62
  • Share of programme investment by asset class or route37
  • Average investment per investor (or per property)15
  • Programme real-estate purchases as a share of all property transactions9
  • Investors approved, not counting family members7
  • Processing time7
  • Jobs created by programme investors3
  • Programme grants as a share of all grants of the same status2
  • Investor residence permits renewed2
  • Investment projects approved for a programme1
  • Dependants approved1
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Timeline

What happened, and when

Sources

The 28 documents behind this page

The stories behind the numbers

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