Tonga.

Proposed to the King by Hong Kong businessman George Chen. First 'Tongan Protected Person' passports (travel document, no right to live in Tonga), later full Tongan nationality. Buyers were mostly Hong Kong Chinese; Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos were among them. 'launched' is the year the King and Privy Council created the Protected Person Passports (1982, per an academic report; the decision itself was not found); press accounts date the sales from 1983. Press accounts give 1983-1991, over 5,000 sold and about $30 million raised (currency not stated); the US State Department still said Tonga sold economic citizenship in 2000. The money was held in the Tonga Trust Fund at Bank of America, San Francisco; from 1999 it was managed on the advice of the King's 'court jester' Jesse Bogdonoff and largely lost in Millennium Asset Management (viatical insurance). Tonga sued in San Francisco in June 2002 and settled in February 2004. No official Tongan document found.