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Spain.

How Spain sells residence for investors (golden visa): 1 residence programme, now closed. Every number and rule below links to the document it comes from.

Residence ↓
1
residence programme
632
numbers
92
prices and rules
10
events

28 documents and articles behind this page, listed at the bottom.

Residence

Sells the right to live in the country (a “golden visa”), sometimes leading to citizenship later. Spain: 1 residence programme, now closed; 632 numbers, 92 prices and rules. Every country's residence programmes

All the numbers, sources and downloads for Spain in the data portal →

Golden visaResidence

No shortcut to citizenship.

Status
Closed · 2013 to 2025
Lowest price when it closed
Golden visas issued
Investment by programme investors
Last change
Residence·Closed·2013–2025

Golden visa

Sells the right to live in the country (a “golden visa”), sometimes leading to citizenship later.

Citizenship. No shortcut to citizenship. (from the research notes below)

Official name: Spain investor visa and residence authorisation (visado y autorización de residencia para inversores, Ley 14/2013, 'golden visa')

Lowest price when it closed: €500,000

Property of at least EUR 500,000 per applicant, free of charges (art. 64 b) Ley 14/2013). This was the rule until the route was abolished (last day 2 Apr 2025). Alternatives: EUR 1m in shares, deposits or funds; EUR 2m in public debt.

Notes from the research

Residence (not citizenship) for non-EU investors under arts. 61-67 of Ley 14/2013 (in force 29 Sep 2013). Routes: EUR 500,000 real estate per applicant; EUR 2m Spanish public debt; EUR 1m in shares of Spanish companies or in Spanish bank deposits; from 30 Jul 2015 also EUR 1m in Spanish investment/venture-capital funds; business project of general interest (no fixed amount). Visas issued by consulates (Foreign Ministry); residence authorisations granted in Spain by the Directorate-General for Migration and processed by the Unidad de Grandes Empresas y Colectivos Estratégicos (UGE-CE). Visa 1 year; initial authorisation 2 years (3 years from 23 Dec 2022); renewals 2 years, then 5 years from 30 Jul 2015. Family members got derivative permits. The law gave no shortcut to citizenship. Arts. 63-67 emptied by Ley Orgánica 1/2025 (in force 3 Apr 2025); existing permits may be renewed. Official statistics are scattered: one 2015 ministry report, parliamentary answers, and 2024 press releases whose counts do not match each other (consular visas vs all authorisations).

Golden visas issued, per year
01k2k3k4k20162017201820192020202120222023

The line follows the official figure for each period.

Investor visas issued, per year
02505007501k20142016201820202022

The line follows the official figure for each period; faint dots are other sources and earlier versions. No figure for 2019, so the line breaks there.

Investment by programme investors, per year (euros)
€0€1bn€2bn€3bn20162017201820192020202120222023

The line follows the official figure for each period.

How they invest

Investor visas issued, by way of investing, per year
Every group in the data is drawn. Each piece is one published number: click it for its source.
020040060080020142015201620172018
Real estateSharesBusiness projectReal estate temporary Official total, all groups

Prices and rules

Rules while it was open

What is measured

  • Investor visas issued309
  • Golden visas issued97
  • Applicant share78
  • Investment by programme investors63
  • Share of programme investment by asset class or route38
  • Average investment per investor (or per property)15
  • Programme real-estate purchases as a share of all property transactions9
  • Investors approved, not counting family members7
  • Processing time7
  • Jobs created by programme investors3
  • Programme grants as a share of all grants of the same status2
  • Investor residence permits renewed2
  • and 2 more; see Explore below.
Gaps

What we know is missing

A gap means no figure is in our data: either it was never published or we haven't found or read it yet. Charts leave gaps open rather than drawing across them.

Explore

All the numbers we have for Spain

632 numbers about Spain's residence programmes. Pick a programme and what you want to see. Each dot is one number from one document; click anything to open its source.

Timeline

What happened, and when

Sources

The 28 documents behind this page

The stories behind the numbers

Who buys passports and golden visas, what they cost, and what happens when governments change the rules. Written from this data, in the newsletter.

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